Pharmaceutical Production (Unit Operations)

This section covers the practical “step-by-step” mechanics of making a drug. Interns are expected to know the unit operations involved in manufacturing both sterile and non-sterile pharmaceuticals.

• Weighing & Mixing: The foundational steps of ensuring accurate active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and excipient quantities, followed by blending to ensure homogeneity.

• Granulation & Preparation: Understanding methods (wet vs. dry granulation) to prepare powders for processing.

• Compression, Encapsulation & Filling: The actual formation of dosage forms—turning powders into tablets (compression), filling capsules, or filling liquids/semi-solids into containers.

• Packaging & Labeling: The final stage where the product is protected and identified. This is critical for patient safety and regulatory compliance.